奶牛的生理行为习性
（1）采食习性
牛采食时往往不加选择，狼吞虎咽，采食时不经仔细咀嚼即匆匆吞下，待休息时进行反刍再咀嚼。因此，饲喂块根饲料时要注意不要过大，过园，最好切成片状或铡碎后饲喂，否则，容易发生食道阻塞。饲喂草料时要注意清除铁钉，铁丝等尖锐金属异物，否则容易发生创伤性网胃炎及创伤性心包炎。放牧时要选择牧草高度10公分以上的草场，否则牛难以吃饱。
（2）反刍习性
牛采食时经初步咀嚼混入唾液形成食团忽忽吞下，进入瘤胃贮存，经被带入的碱性唾液软化和瘤胃内水分浸泡后，待休息时再进行反刍。反刍包括逆呕、再咀嚼，再混入唾液、再吞咽四个过程。奶牛一般采食后30－60分钟开始反刍，每次反刍持续时间40－50分钟，一昼夜反刍9－12次，反刍时间6－8小时。采食后应给予充分休息时间和安静舒适的环境，以保证正常反刍。正常反刍是奶牛健康的标志之一，反刍停止或次数减少，时间缩短，表明奶牛已患病。
（3）饮水习性
奶牛一天的饮水量一般是日粮干物质进食量的4－5倍，是产奶量的3－4倍。如一头600公斤体重、日产奶20公斤的话，日粮干物质进食量应是16公斤，一天的饮水量是60－80公斤。夏天饮水量更大，放牧牛比舍饲牛饮水量大1倍。奶牛采食后2小时内需要饮水，最好让其自由饮水，水温10－25℃为宜，冬天宜饮温水，夏天宜饮凉水。
（4）爱洁习性
牛喜欢吃新鲜饲料，不爱吃剩余饲料。因此，饲喂时应少给勤添。下槽后应将饲槽中的剩余草料清理，下草前，应将饲槽冲洗干净。清槽后的剩余草料可凉晒后重新加工利用。牛爱喝新鲜、清洁的饮水，因此，对水槽应定期刷洗。牛喜欢清洁、干燥的环境，因此，牛舍地面在每次下槽后应清扫、冲洗干净，运动场内的粪便要及时清理，保持平整、干燥、清洁、防止积水，夏季要注意排水。
（5）排粪尿习性
由于奶牛的采食量和饮水量大，排粪尿的数量也大，奶牛是家畜中排粪、排尿量最多的家畜。一头成年母牛一昼夜排粪量约30公斤，占日粮采食量的70％左右，一昼夜排尿量约20公斤，占饮水量的30％左右。因为奶牛排粪、排尿量大，所以在饲养奶牛的过程中应防止对环境造成污染。
（6）发情行为
奶牛发情时，首先表现兴奋，不停走动，不时哞叫，与其它母牛在运动场相互追逐、顶撞、打转，随后接收其它母牛亲近，然后接收其它母牛嗅闻，最后接收其它母牛爬跨时站立不动。发情持续时间平均18小时，范围6－30小时，发情开始的时间70％是发生在晚7时至早7时。
Dairy physiological behavior habits
(1) feeding habits
Cow feed often without choice, devour, feed when not chew or swallow hastily, to be carried out at rest and then chewing ruminants. Thus, root feeding fodder to the attention of not too large, too park, the best sheet or cut into pieces after the feeding, or are prone to esophageal obstruction. Feeding forage removal to the attention of nails, wire and other sharp metal foreign body, otherwise Net prone to traumatic gastritis and traumatic pericarditis. Choose pasture grazing to a high of more than 10 cm pastures, otherwise it is difficult to eat cow.
(2) ruminant habit
Initial cow feed when mixed with saliva to form chewing food Mission swallowed, entering the rumen storage, by being brought into the alkaline saliva to soften and rumen water immersion, the question to rest when another ruminant. Ruminants, including inverse vomit, and then chew, and then mixed with saliva, and then the process of swallowing four. Cows generally 30-60 minutes after feeding ruminant each ruminant duration 40-50 minutes, 9-12 times a day and night ruminant, ruminating time 6-8 hours. After feeding should be given adequate rest time and quiet and comfortable environment in order to ensure normal ruminant. Normal ruminants are one of the hallmarks of a healthy cow, ruminant to stop or reduce the number, time, show that the cow had been sick.
(3) drinking habits
Cows a day of drinking water are typically dietary dry matter intake of 4-5 times that are 3-4 times the milk yield. Such as a 600 kg weight, 20 kg of milk day, the dietary dry matter intake should be 16 kilograms, the amount of drinking water a day are 60-80 kg. Greater volume of summer, drinking water, grazing cow cow shed more than one times the volume of drinking water. Dairy intake 2 hours after the necessary water, let the best water, water temperature 10-25 ℃ appropriate, advised to drink warm winter, summer, wish to drink cold water.
(4) love cleaning habits
Cow likes to eat fresh fodder, do not like the remaining feed. Therefore, feeding should be less Tim give ground. Under the bed in the manger should be cleaning up the remaining forage, under the grass before the manger should be running water. Clearance of residual forage after the trough can be dryingre-processing and utilization. Cow drink fresh, clean drinking water, therefore, should regularly wash sink. Cow enjoy clean, dry environment, and therefore, under the barn floor in each slot should be clean, running water, exercise at stool should be promptly cleaned to maintain formation, drying, cleaning, prevent accumulation of stagnant water, the summer should pay attention to drainage.
(5) ranked waste habits
Because the feed intake of dairy and water volume is very large, the number of scheduled waste, and dairy cattle are in Defecography,Voiding dosemost livestock. One day an adult cow Defecography about 30 kilograms, accounting for dietary intake of 70% one day and nightVoiding doseabout 20 kilograms, accounting for 30% of drinking water around. Since dairy Defecography,Voiding dose large, so in the process of rearing dairy cattle should be the prevention of environmental pollution.
(6) estrus behavior
Cows in heat, the first performance of excited Walk non-stop from time to time called moo, with other cows in the playground chasing each other, contradict, round, followed by cows receiving the other close, and then receive sniffing other cows, and finally climb to receive the other cow Intertemporal standing motionless. Estrus duration of an average of 18 hours, range 6-30 hours, estrus starting time of 70% occurred in late morning 7:00 to 7:00.
This morning, I looked at a table arrayed with a glass of milk, then the situation which was not thought through the cow, if the cleaning is the greatest human beings, then the cow is the greatest animal kingdom animal, and it Always with his selfless dedication to their most precious asset is the only dedicated human, cow milk can provide. Can help farmers make money, can provide beef. Also can produce milk, but it ignored its own, perhaps they would think that as long as human happiness, they will be very happy, I like them lovely expression, and small but clear pupil of the eye, but I was more concerned about their selfless spirit of !今天早上，我望着桌子上摆着的一杯牛奶，便情不自经的想到了奶牛，如果说清洁工是人类中最伟大的，那么奶牛便是动物界中最伟大的动物了，它总是无私的奉献着自己，把自己最宝贵的，也是仅有的财富献给了人类，奶牛可以提供牛奶。
可以帮奶农赚钱，可以提供牛肉。
还可以生产奶粉，但却忽视了自己，也许它们会认为只要人类快乐，它们便会很开心，我挺喜欢它们那可爱的表情，和小而清澈的眸子， 但我却更在意它们的无私精神！
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